Outrage is spreading across Peru after a man was filmed defacing one of the original walls of Chan Chan, a historic pre-Columbian city located roughly 500km (300 miles) north of Lima. The perpetrator spray-painted a crude image of male genitalia directly onto the ancient structure, drawing widespread condemnation.

Peru’s Ministry of Culture condemned the act, describing it as “a grave disrespect toward our history and cultural heritage” and a direct violation of laws that protect the country’s archaeological sites.

The incident has sparked a national debate over the security measures in place at such vital heritage sites. Many Peruvians expressed disbelief that the vandal was able to carry out the act without intervention, raising concerns over the lack of surveillance and preservation efforts at Chan Chan.

The footage, which quickly circulated on social media, shows the man in the act of vandalism. Authorities say he could face up to six years in prison if identified and prosecuted.

Chan Chan was once the capital of the Chimú kingdom before it was conquered by the Incas in the 15th century. Today, it stands as one of Peru’s most significant archaeological landmarks. Unesco recognises it as the largest city in pre-Columbian America, notable for its vast layout and thick-walled citadels.

This act of vandalism comes just months after another heritage site was targeted — when a man chipped the iconic 12-Angle Stone in Cusco, a celebrated Incan artefact.

The repeated attacks have intensified calls for better protection and monitoring of Peru’s cultural sites, which draw thousands of visitors each month and represent invaluable links to the country’s ancient civilizations.